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The world’s largest nuclear test sites. Photo

Самые большие в мире ядерные полигоны. ФотоHere testing nuclear power.

In the XXI century humanity refers to nuclear weapons as a spectacular show, though after Hiroshima took almost 72 years, and Chernobyl and Fukushima are far from cold in memory. Below we will tell about the places on the planet where nuclear power “Flex his muscles” in their arsenals.

Nevada test site, Nevada Proving Ground (polygon USA)

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Самые большие в мире ядерные полигоны. Фото

Date of opening of the landfill on 27 January 1951 when a bomb was detonated with a capacity of 1 kt. Nevada Test Site, located 100 km North of Los Vegas and is the world’s largest arena of nuclear testing. The area is about 3500 km2 (for comparison: Moscow area — 2500 km2).

The area is ideal for such work: the population density is low, the climate is dry, the geological structure is favorable. Then blew up bombs in all possible ways: atmospheric tests (until 1962), explosions in tunnels and boreholes (still at a depth of several hundred meters were a few unexploded charges), fire the miniature charges of guns. Just made over 1000 different explosions.

In the period of active operation of the landfill, he was one of the sights of Las Vegas: “mushrooms” of explosions could be seen from the entertainment center, and organized screenings test distance. You can now arrange a tour to the Nevada Test Site. Tourists transportation on special bus route where you can see the real test of the mine craters from explosions of nuclear warheads and the surviving layouts of buildings, which determined the force of destruction after the explosion.

The Novaya Zemlya archipelago (the site of the Russian Federation)

Самые большие в мире ядерные полигоны. Фото

17 Sep 1954 established a nuclear test site on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. The first explosion (underwater) took place on 21 September 1955.

The landfill is located on the Arctic island is no accident. New Land in the vast territory, comparable to the area of the Netherlands and Belgium, was malaysiana (400 local residents were resettled on the coast of the island). Stronger soils, a favourable tectonic environment and cold climate testing provided maximum success, and ice-free ports — constant communication with the mainland.

The landfill has entered world history as the site of the explosion of the largest shell — “King of bombs”. The power of the explosion was approximately 58 MT (about 10,000 bombs dropped on Hiroshima). The sound from it was heard at a distance of 800 km, and the seismic wave three times circled the globe. This occurred on 30 October 1961. Just at the site produced 132 explosions (including underground explosions of different power, which gained popularity due to reduced contamination of the territory), that power was 94% of the Soviet nuclear tests.

Today, the landfill remains the only force in the territory of the former USSR. There are studies on the use and storage of nuclear weapons. Like most modern sites, he is now in the mode of the research center.

Maralinga, Australia (polygon UK)

Самые большие в мире ядерные полигоны. Фото

Britain became the third country to have its own nuclear weapons. For all time of existence of the United Kingdom never felt the warheads on its territory.

3 October 1952 near the Islands of Monte Bello, to the West of Australia, was anchored frigate “Plym” (despite the actual independence of the Green continent from Britain, relations between States were maintained more than friendly). In one of the compartments of the frigate was the atomic bomb, which by its dimensions could not be placed on the plane. Remotely charge was detonated, and the “death” of the frigate was the beginning of a nuclear era in the UK.

The largest landfill on land has long been an object in the area of Maralinga, which is 450 km from Adelaide in South Australia. Had atmospheric detonations, and the area was subject to serious radioactive contamination. Only by the year 2000, the process of clearance, and despite the fact that the last test took place in 1963. In 1994 the Australian government paid financial compensation in the amount of $13.5 million to aboriginal tribe tjarutja.

Since the 1970s years, the UK blew up their bombs only with the U.S. test site in Nevada.

The last explosion, the British carried out the 26 November 1991. From this point, the air force and the Royal Navy conducted testing of combat operations without the explosion of nuclear warheads.

The Atoll of Moruroa (polygon France)

Самые большие в мире ядерные полигоны. Фото

France exploded its first a bomb on 13 February 1960 in Algeria. Sugar would be a great option nuclear test site, if Algeria had not won their independence. The French moved their testing to the Islands in the middle of the Pacific ocean. So Polynesia has been applied to the “nuclear map of the world.”

In 1966 I did the first test on the Mururoa Atoll. Here, the charge blew up in special mines to a depth of 800 m. the World community has regularly spoken out against such explosions in Oceania. In September 1966 as a result of detonation is insufficient for the mark was cracked in several kilometers in the rock. It caused the danger of the radioactive elements in the ocean. The details of the case secret until now.

The last test on the Atoll France held 28 December 1995. After ratification in 1998 of the Treaty banning nuclear tests of the Fifth Republic does not explode the bomb, but is actively working on the design of airplanes and ships, which can carry nuclear warheads. Today she has 100 submarines and aircraft capable of carrying a nuclear warhead.

Lake lop nor (the site of China)

Самые большие в мире ядерные полигоны. Фото

16 October 1964 in the area of dried up salt lake lop nor, China conducted a test of 596, which made the country a nuclear power. For the world the blast was a shock — no one expected that the Chinese will be able to quickly create their weapons.

Nuclear testing in this desolate and desert lasted 32 years, ending in 1996, and was recognized by international experts as the most dirty. During the explosions of radioactive pollution spread to the surrounding mountain glaciers. According to scientists of neighboring countries, the concentration of radioactive substances in the ice has increased many times in comparison with the “types of cell” era. If until 1964 in the area of lop nor at least grazed rare flocks of sheep and grew desert plants, and now there is absolutely lifeless area.

Pokharan, Rajasthan (India polygon)

Самые большие в мире ядерные полигоны. Фото

18 may 1974 India detonated the first nuclear warhead. The test was called “Smiling Buddha”, and for their implementation was allocated a plot in a densely populated state of Rajasthan.

However, the recognized global nuclear power and the leader of the third world the former British colony began only in 1998, when on the same range, a series of five underground nuclear explosions. Thus, India showed its power to neighbouring Pakistan, which also was conducted active work on creation of nuclear weapons.

Today a polygon is a closed territory. The bombings are not carried out, but the technique of bombing and use of nuclear weapons. India refers to the number of States possessing nuclear triad (the three means of delivering nuclear weapons: ballistic missiles, submarines, planes).

Chagay, province Balochistan (polygon Pakistan)

Самые большие в мире ядерные полигоны. Фото

28 may 1998 Pakistan made six nuclear explosions at the site near the city Chagay. The charges placed on the kilometer-long tunnel dug in the mountain of Koh Jimbaran. The area for the construction of the landfill was chosen in 1976. The decisive factor was that the ridge of the RAS Koh range is composed of granite, and the local inhabitants are mostly nomads. Such conditions allowed to test with the least damage. After the first explosions on the nuclear program of Pakistan is almost no information, and new tests have been carried out.

The lyre-Ri (the site of Korea)

Самые большие в мире ядерные полигоны. Фото

The landfill is located near the city Kilju province of Hamgyong and has three tunnel entrances: South, East and West portals. The first nuclear test was conducted on 9 October 2006. Since North Korea conducted tests in 2009, and 2013. The power of the explosions are classified, but experts on nuclear weapons rate them between 2 and 10 kt of TNT.

6 Jan 2016 Lyre-Ri was conducted an underground explosion of a hydrogen bomb capacity of about 10 kt. The polygon is valid, and the DPRK government periodically announces new weapons testing.

Tests conducted under the ground that causes earthquakes of different amplitudes. It is the recording of seismic waves allows the identification of the explosion. Scientists and the military of neighboring South Korea is constantly monitoring the developments in the DPRK through seismological observations. The last (to date) the test was 9 September 2016: USGS recognized the tremors in the area of the Lyre-Ri and determined that they are a blast. Power charge is estimated to be between 10 to 30 kt.

The DPRK government periodically announces new steps in its nuclear program, but because of the closeness of the country the accuracy of the statements difficult to verify.

Bouvet island, South Africa (the ground of Israel)

Самые большие в мире ядерные полигоны. Фото

The country is not officially recognized as a nuclear power, but international experts are inclined to believe that Israel has nuclear weapons of its own production, the creation of which took several decades. Due to the limitations of its own territory and the lack of colonies to the country’s leaders had to find a place to check the generated charge. They became Bouvet island.

22 Sep 1979 in South Africa noted the explosion, according to its characteristics close to nuclear. The same challenge occurred in 1981. It is believed that Israel conducted tests, giving the South African government in exchange for the polygons of information on nuclear development. The fact that South Africa had already for several years was closely involved in the development of nuclear weapons. In August 1977 the preparations for the first test were revealed via satellite, USSR: space data able to decode the creation of mines in the Kalahari desert. Under pressure from the international community, development ceased, and then the explosion never occurred.

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