“In 1987, foreign debt had risen to 246 billion dollars. October 19, 1987, dramatically collapsed wall street! In this situation, the US could save only a miracle. And the miracle came in the form of Gorbachev. Gorbachev surrendered all the Soviet position in the military and political arena – starting from the dismantling of nuclear parity.” But, I might add, Gorbachev ruined the Soviet economy. In January 1987, restrictions were lifted in foreign trade – those restrictions are covered by the collapse in the domestic market of the USSR. For without such restrictions the domestic market of the USSR could not hold out and one day – with its huge disparity in prices for food and consumer goods relative to the foreign market. Author: Tatiana Yakovleva
The USSR was a closed system, and for good reason. The prices of many goods in the USSR in the country was much lower than in the West. And suddenly it was allowed to companies and individuals to transfer abroad all scarce goods – food, raw materials, electronics, energy, chemical products – in short: everything, everything! By order dated September 1987, this garbage has become even obligatory-compulsory.
Like a powerful hurricane swept over the vast territory of the USSR and instantly sucked out of the country all the wealth. The shelves of grocery stores, and shops emptied. So there was a shortage of goods. Only in 1988, individuals were exported abroad the 500,000 color television sets, 200,000 of washing machines. Only one foreign family was taken in that year: 392 of the refrigerator, 72 washing machines, 142 of the air conditioner. And staff just one of the hundreds of thousands of foreign organizations: 1,400 irons, sewing machines 138, 174 fan. And: 3500 pieces of soap and 242 kg of washing powder – most of those that at the insistence of MPs were purchased ostensibly for the Soviet people for the currency. Is all the data that in those days, was accidentally leaked to the press… Just one of the thousands of customs of the USSR, individuals were taken only in one 1989 scarce goods more than 2 million tons.
Miracle Balcerowicz
What is the “miracle of the Balcerowicz”, which broadcasts a variety of “spices”? American experts invited the Balcerowicz to curtail production and normal trade, and greatly encouraged trade with small hands. That is to declassify working population, and to turn it into “a nation of speculators”. And all these lumpen elements – millions and millions, like locusts swooped down on the Soviet Union and began to take everything they could grab, from imported furniture to tubes of toothpaste – tons. For example, in those days at the Congress of deputies stood a terrible scandal and cries about the lack of toothpaste. The reasons for this lack of tearing the throat of the MPs and not thought to think. They simply made a quick decision to buy abroad toothpaste for $ 60 million.
Who has enriched the 60 million? In France, where it was carried, toothpaste cost 15 francs. In the USSR it was sold for 1 RUB. of Course, all this pasta for 60 million dollars in an instant was again abroad. In Poland it was sent in parcels of 500 tubes, but the number of such parcels directly in the original French packaging (!), was not restricted. Took out these packing entire trunk of cars. The whole compartment of the train. Containers on the decks of ships. French perfume taken out of boxes – 40 RUB. for a bottle at our side of the border and 80-100 dollars on the other. Dragged all and how ants leave a bare skeleton from the powerful body of a lion, and these “piranhas, he” left the Soviet people empty shelves. No names of commodities – from food to technology – which would not be exported. Exported our beautiful fabrics. In the USSR in 1990-91. it produced annually by 38 meters per person. Of these, only formal (i.e., government and joint ventures) removed 50% linen and 42% wool fabric. But these figures do not include the export of private individuals. And they, like locusts, took all that managed to snatch it! That is, the export was total – one hundred percent!
We exported products. For example, the USSR produced 21.4% of world production of butter (the population of the USSR was 4.88% of the world). Oil production is increasing, but as a result of the removal he had coupons. On one inhabitant of the USSR of butter had 26% more than in the UK. In the UK the supply of butter was not conducted, but the stores in London it present. Soviet butter delivered, and in Africa, for example, in Ethiopia, in Addis Ababa it was sold. And, of course, four times more than in the USSR. Meat production in 1991 amounted to 11.7% of the world level. Meat consumption in the USSR was 668 thousand tonnes less than its production. These are official statistics. However, the situation was much worse. Statistics considered consumed INSIDE the USSR, all that oil and meat, which was shipped to warehouses to grocery stores. The sale of oil and meat, no passports are not required, and therefore, they bought in the USSR, but taken out for its limits, allegedly increased the welfare of the Soviet people. But many tons of butter and meat intended for trade, went directly from the warehouses, bypassing the shops and exported outside of the Soviet Union container by sea, trains and vehicles on land, airplanes in the air. Statistics and believed that it ate all the Soviet people.
Why capitalists are still screaming that Gaidar “saved the country from hunger”?! Because he raised the price of the same oil so that small speculators became unprofitable to export (small-small, but they were abysmal, like locusts). The last Soviet Prime Minister Pavlov tried to lift the prices of some deficits for a fraction of a cent, which then rose up high! That is, total export, in addition to what ruined the Soviet Union, was one of the mechanisms that led Sobchak and Gaidar to the government.
In the late 80’s-early 90’s have all gone: socks and refrigerators, furniture and irons, televisions and plates, sheets and washing machines! Sausage and fish, sugar and cereals – all devoured flown locusts! Aluminum pots, bowls, spoons exported as a cheap and valuable raw material has already passed the most energy-intensive and polluting processing stage. Bugs-vyvozniki eaten once powerful ship of the Soviet economy to rot!
The robbery of the gold reserve
On 21 July 1989, new Customs regulations were lifted all restrictions on the export from the USSR of gold and precious stones. Seventy years of labor of the Soviet people for the accumulation of gold reserves of the country were destroyed in an instant. Gold in incredible scale hitherto been dumped on the domestic market, and then purchased by domestic prices of the USSR, exported abroad, and there sold at world prices. How much was taken out of gold?
In 2002, the economist A. V. Gryaznov is the largest expert of the Gokhran – has published three great articles (each for the entire band) about the history and the dynamics of production and the market of gold and precious stones. Here are the figures by V. Gryaznov: In 1985, the gold reserves of the USSR amounted to 2500 tons. In 1991, this stock had declined to 250 tons. In addition to 2250 tons of gold reserves vanished in 1986-90, he produced in an additional 1,500 tons. For the information of readers: one gram of gold in those days cost the Soviet Union approximately 50 RUB At the same time on the world market 1 gram of gold was worth $ 13 (the black market rate in 1991: 30-33 rubles per dollar).
“Reform”
From January 1, 1987 right to directly carry out export-import operations was given 20 ministries and 70 large enterprises. In a year were eliminated, the Ministry of foreign trade and the gkes (State Committee for economic Affairs) of the USSR and established the Ministry of foreign economic relations of the USSR, which now only registered businesses, cooperatives and other organizations conducting export and import operations. Act 1990 the right of foreign trade was granted and the local Councils. According to the “Law on cooperatives” (1988), public enterprises and local Councils have formed a network of cooperatives and joint enterprises dealing with the export of goods abroad, which sharply reduced the flow to the domestic market. Many goods, with speculation gave revenue to $ 50 per 1 ruble of costs and therefore bought goods from enterprises “at the root”. According to experts, only in 1990 was taken out 1/3 of consumer goods.
The next step, through the “Law on state enterprise (Association)” (1987), the conversion was allowed to Bank money in cash. It was the first step towards privatization of the banking system of the USSR. In large measure this work was entrusted to the Komsomol leaders. Then created “centers of scientific and technical creativity of youth” (TSNTTM), supervised by the Komsomol Central Committee, received the exclusive right to cashing-cash money. From these centers came almost all our oligarchs. Under the planned system maintained this distribution of profits of enterprises (for example, taken 1985): 56% paid to the state budget, 40% is retained by the company, including 16% goes to the Fund of economic incentives (bonuses, allowances, etc.). In 1990 from the profits of enterprises to the budget was made 36% left to companies 51%, including in the economic incentive funds of 48%. Thus, not only dramatically reduced the contributions to the budget, but also for the development of enterprises funds, almost did not leave. While it was immediately disturbed the social balance, since personal incomes became dependent on artificial profitability. Occurred an abrupt increase in personal income regardless of production. The annual growth of monetary incomes of the population in the USSR was in 1981-1987. an average of 15.7 billion rubles, and in 1988-1990 was 66.7 billion In 1991, only the first half of incomes of the population increased by 95 billion rubles (the salary in manufacturing increased by only 36%). This shaft is revenue growth while simultaneously reducing inventory in trade led to the collapse of the consumer market (“goods blown from the shelves”). Was introduced coupons for basic foodstuffs, have sharply increased imports, which led to huge external debt.
The growth of the deficit has contributed to and initiated in may 1985 “the anti-alcohol campaign”. The decrease in vodka sales and the revenue from it was fully offset by its manufacturer in the “shadow economy” (140-150 gallons in 1987). In addition to the heavy impact on public finances, this has led to the emergence of powerful organized crime of the new generation, actively included in the policy.
By the end of 80-ies, the USSR was a strong sector of the “shadow economy”, gained strength and organized crime. It virtually eliminated state trade in alcohol, “privatized” her and withdrew from the state budget in their favor 23 billion rubles in 1989, and 35 billion rubles in 1990.
To sum up SOME conclusions or how to legalize stolen
Thus, established and working system for the distribution of income in manufacturing was destroyed. Money which it circulates, and who had to go to the development of enterprises, redirected the population, creating a serious imbalance between the incomes and the supply of goods. When a lot of money but few goods, and what happens? People are starting to buy up what else to buy. Begins the hysteria and huge queues for everything. The deficit is increasing. The small speculators, the account of which no one drove, have the opportunity not only to buy but also to sell in the West. Larger start run a Scam when the goods directly from the warehouse entered in the sale, sails abroad. The deficit is destroying the economy. To avoid starvation, the government was forced to enter the card. As during the war… It means that the country has a shortage of commodities.
Under the guise of speculators of different caliber, conduct fraud, cashing in the currency of the state that looted and taken out of the country. Can you imagine the size of these States? The looting only gold reserves of the country makes clear the size of the acquired state.
It is clear that the greatest state earned “criminals” – those who were in power. Those who understood what was happening, had connections and opportunities to carry out fraud in especially large size. What to do with the scams these States in the USSR? It is necessary either to go West or… to arrange capitalism in Russia to legalize the loot. The ground for the coup was prepared wonderfully. Angry and brought these “reforms” people, of course, were ready to stage a coup, and embedded in the mass consciousness the idea that in the West are better determined, why people went over to Yeltsin. Hangover came later…
After the above You still believe the statements by Gorbachev that the Soviet economy was seriously damaged by the Chernobyl disaster, and oil prices? But the betrayal of the leaders gave the country a thousand times worse than Chernobyl.
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