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Scientists are told what functions were performed by women in the stone age

Ученые рассказали, какие функции выполняли женщины в каменном векеAfter many months of research, scientists were able to decipher the primitive society.

German researchers found that women who lived in Central Europe in the late Neolithic — early bronze age 2500-1700 years before our era, often married men from other regions. According to scientists, women”immigrants” brought with them technology and tradition from their homeland and, thus, contributed to the spread of a new culture.

A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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At the end of the IV Millennium BC, the Greeks learned to smelt bronze and began to use made of it items. Gradually, during the III Millennium, the technology of the bronze age appeared in other parts of Europe. The key factor for the spread of new technology mobility has become the ancient Europeans who migrated from one region to another. But who were these people, scientists are still not too clear.

To clarify this question, the authors of the new study analyzed the remains of 83 people from seven burial sites in the valley of the river Lech in Bavaria, and dated to the period 2500-1700 years BC. All the tombs were at a distance of not more than ten kilometers from each other. The remains of 36 people, apparently, belonged to the women and 34 men. Floor 13 persons could not be determined. The researchers analyzed the mitochondrial DNA sequence of the ancient Europeans, which allowed to determine whether they are related through the maternal line. The researchers also determined the ratio of stable isotopes of oxygen and strontium in them in the teeth. In this relation it is possible to find out which location has occurred.

The results of the DNA analysis showed that the majority of people who lived virtually next door to each other belonged to different mitochondrial haplotype (that is they did not have a common ancestor in the maternal line). This testified to the fact that many women, came to the valley from other places. Analysis of stable isotopes of oxygen and strontium confirmed these results. Judging from the ratios of isotopes, many women buried in the valley were born in other places at the same time most men were sons of the soil.

The study authors suggested that perhaps the inhabitants of Central Europe at the turn of the stone and bronze ages there was a tradition patrilocal marriages and female exogamy. That is, perhaps women were forbidden to marry in their community; they are married to men from other regions and moved to the ancestral community of her husband. Moving, they brought with them from their native places, artifacts, customs, and technology, and thus contributed to the spread of a new culture.

Previously, researchers have reconstructed the course of the “male” migration of Indo-Europeans from the Caspian steppes into Europe, which occurred in the III Millennium BC. The nomads brought with them proto-Indo-European language and new technologies, new community living and the extended family.

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