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Named the secret of the human life-span

Назван секрет высокой продолжительности жизни человекаDiscovered the molecular mechanism that prevents the rapid aging of a living organism.

Scientists from Pojarskogo University of science and technology in South Korea have discovered a molecular mechanism that prevents the rapid aging of a living organism. With the help of it cells get rid of defective RNA molecules that prolongs life. Such systems, according to researchers, there are humans that determines its longevity compared to many other species of animals. Article with the results of scientific work published in the journal Nature Communications.

The lifespan of organisms depends on how well the cell performs the control of messenger RNA (mRNA). As a result of mutations in these molecules may occur extra stop codons (nonsense mutations), which are pre-terminated protein synthesis. The result is a molecule that can have a cell toxic effect. This prevents the system of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), which cleaves the chain of ribonucleotides with defects.

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In the first part of the study, biologists have identified how the level of activity of the NMD with the age of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To do this, the worms are introduced bacterial gene lacZ, inside of which is in the wrong place was a stop codon. LacZ was linked with the gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). When protein synthesis is mRNA formed in the matrix of the hybrid gene lacZ-GFP, the rule needs to be broken down by the NMD system. Otherwise, researchers could see the fluorescence.

It turned out that over time fluorescence in the tissues of C. elegans was becoming stronger. This pointed to the fact that the activity of NMD with age of worms was decreased, which was also confirmed by the increase in the concentration of the hybrid mRNA.

The next stage, the researchers used a genetically modified C. elegans in which mutation was introduced into the daf-2 gene. The latter is responsible for the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) that is involved in the transition of the animal from the juvenile form to the Mature stage of development. His blocking provokes the reverse turning of the worm and inhibits the aging.

In animals with mutation of daf-2 was found increased activity of NMD. It was impossible to determine, after analyzing the quantitative composition of different mRNAs from nonsense-mutations, and comparing it with that of normal worms. Scientists have changed the gene smg-2, encoding a key component of NMD, thereby suppressing the function of the system. The result is a “win” in life expectancy in genetically modified C. elegans decreased.

Finally, it was shown that increased activity of NMD in the nerve cells contributed to the longevity of C. elegans.

Scientists believe that natural maintenance of NMD in adulthood and other systems of the newly replicated control mRNA may explain the high life expectancy of the person.

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