They have puzzled scientists.
Despite active research on the development, space is still full of mysteries for mankind. Only recently, gravitational waves was considered only a theory, and today their existence has already been proved scientifically. Who knows what secrets are fraught with these dark dark depths of the Universe. However, even among what is already open to scholars full of things very surprising, the existence of which is hard to believe.
Alcohol.
This discovery not so long ago made an international group of scientists working on the 30-meter telescope in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada in the South of the Iberian Peninsula. They found that the composition of comet Lovejoy, code-named C/2011 W3, there are as many as 20 different types of organic molecules, including sugar molecules and alcohol.
This periodic comet was discovered in November 2011. By all indications, its diameter should be at least 500 metres. In addition, it is one of the most remarkable of all known comets. While it is not clear where in the dust tail of comet Lovejoy took all of this organic. It is possible that they were “matched” somewhere in the process of the journey of the comet through space. Another version says that these compounds could emerge from a huge interstellar molecular cloud that formed the Solar system.
Planet of the diamonds.
Exoplanet with a complex name PSR J1719–1438 b, discovered in 2009. It is located in the constellation Serpens at a distance of 3900 light-years from our Solar system. But it is noteworthy in this planet that by all accounts, it is almost entirely composed of crystalline carbon.
PSR J1719−1438 b was one of the first of its kind, but not the only. To date, scientists know of at least five such carbon planets. It is assumed that they also have iron-containing core, but the basis of their surface is mainly composed of the carbides of silicon and titanium and pure carbon. According to scientists, the planets may be present region covered by kilometers of diamonds.
A huge rain cloud.
And here already without any metaphors — it really is a big accumulation of moisture, which conditionally could be called a cloud. This cloud is at a distance of 10 billion light years from us, and it is assumed that envelops a supermassive black hole. And when something in space use the term “huge” or “giant”, it should be understood in a completely different scale. No, this cloud is not the size of the continent of Eurasia, for example. It is huge so that is about 100,000 times larger than the Sun.
The cold stars.
a glowing ball, which through the fusion reaction produces enormous amounts of energy, light and heat. In any case, such a star is our own Sun. But the truth is that some stars can have a very very unusual conditions for them.
Such stars, for example, are brown dwarfs. This, if I may say so, the dying star, which almost completely consumed the reserves of the nuclei. Thermonuclear reactions are still coming, but not with such activity and with such a strong heat. For example, the star, WISE 1828+2650. It is the coldest known brown dwarfs. Its surface temperature is only 25 degrees Celsius. Quite comfortable to walk around the star in shorts and t-shirt.
Possible ocean life.
Titan — the largest moon of Saturn, is the most likely candidate for the detection of a whole ocean of extraterrestrial life. At least so believe the scientists of NASA. Conditions on the surface and in the atmosphere of this satellite is extremely harsh. The average temperature of minus 170-180 degrees Celsius. In some places flowing methane-tanouye rivers and even lakes. A large part of the surface consists of water ice.
However, the researchers concluded that the Titan is very often matched with our native Land at early stages of its development. It is not excluded that the satellite is possible the existence of the simplest forms of life, particularly in the underground reservoirs, where conditions can be much more comfortable than on the surface.
Lightning.
Modern science is already well known that lightning is not only an earthly phenomenon. Electric discharges was in the atmospheres of Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and other planets. But few people know that the strongest lightning not happen on planets around black holes.
Those of the relativistic jet or jets that burst from the centers of quasars, black holes and radio galaxies, in fact can also be considered a lightning. Very powerful, huge. Their nature is still very poorly understood. Scientists believe that such discharges are formed due to the interaction of magnetic fields with an accretion disk around a black hole or neutron star.
Hell.
If somewhere there is a real hell, then it definitely needs to be planet CoRoT-7 b. It revolves around the star COROT-7, in the Unicorn constellation, which is approximately 489 light years from us. The problem of the planet that it is too close to its star and always turned to her one side only.
Because of these conditions, the illuminated side of the planet formed a huge ocean of molten lava. Its temperature is 2500-2600 degrees Celsius, which is above the melting temperature of most known minerals. So on the “warm” side of the planet melted almost everything. Moreover, the whole atmosphere of CoRoT-7 b mainly consists of this vaporized rock, which then falls into the colder areas in the form of stone rain. It is expected that once this planet was a gas giant the size of Saturn, but the star is literally “boiled away” her to the core. Now she’s only one and a half times bigger than Earth.
Magnetar.
Our Sun makes a revolution around its axis in about 25 days, gradually deforming a magnetic field around itself. Now imagine a dying star that in its death throes collapses and shrinks into a tiny lump of matter. A huge, gigantic star, size sometimes greater than the Sun, turns into a ball with a diameter of only a few tens of kilometers. All this time, she spins faster and faster. As the whirling dancer, which presses and throwing hands, this star spins just as well with its magnetic field.
According to calculations of scientists, sometimes the magnetic field of a Magnetar can be a million times stronger than earth’s. For comparison, the magnetic field that strong could bring down your phone at a distance of hundreds of thousands of kilometers. It would seem that it’s so terrible, just enough to keep away from Magnetrol your electronic devices. But this magnetic field is so strong that it can affect the very fabric of twisting atoms in thin cylinders.
Planets-orphans.
From a school bench all know that there are stars around which planets revolve around which, in turn, can rotate their satellites. However, all rules have exceptions. Imagine that in the vast cold space there are planets that are not bound by gravity either to the stars or to other planets. They are commonly called planets or orphan planets-the Wanderers.
Interestingly, if the planet is an orphan is in a galaxy, it is not even being tied to the stars, still revolves around the galactic nucleus. Of course, the period of treatment in such cases is very high. But it may be true that the planet is completely empty intergalactic space and then she doesn’t go around anything.
The time machine.
In General, the entire cosmos and the whole universe is one big time machine, in which even distance for clarity is measured in years, light, of course. However, given that the size of our galaxy about 100,000 light-years, then any event that happens in one of its edge will be noticeable in the other only after 100 000 years.
But this does not mean that the speed of propagation of information in the Universe is limited only by the speed of light. If you look at space in infrared, we can see that for us hasn’t happened yet. A simple example: the famous “Pillars of creation” region of the eagle Nebula. According to the infrared Spitzer telescope, the “Pillars of Creation” was destroyed by a supernova explosion about 6,000 years ago. But since the nebula is located at a distance of 7,000 light years from Earth, we’d see them about a thousand years, although they themselves are long gone.
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