Terrible days in the history of mankind.
March 11, 2011 the strongest ever Japan earthquake and ensuing tsunami there was a major radiation accident maximum, 7-level International scale of nuclear events at nuclear power plants “Fukushima-1”. Financial damages, including the costs of liquidation of consequences, costs of decontamination and compensation, is estimated at $ 100 billion. Since the work on elimination of consequences will take years, the amount will increase.
Technological disaster (Engl. Industrial disaster) — a major accident on the man-made object, entailing massive loss of life and even ecological disaster.
One of the features of technological disasters is an accident (this is different from the terrorist attacks). Usually of anthropogenic opposed to natural disasters. However, like natural, man-made disasters can cause panic, traffic jams, and also cause lifting or loss of the authority of the government.
Annually in the world there are dozens of technological disasters of different scale. In this issue you will find a list of major disasters that have occurred since the beginning of the century.
2000
“Petrobras” — Brazilian state oil company. The headquarters of the company located in Rio de Janeiro. In July 2000, in Brazil in the crash on refining the platform in the iguaçu river leaked more than a million gallons of oil (about 3180 tonnes). For comparison: in the summer of 2013 near the resort island in Thailand spilled 50 tons of crude oil.
The resulting spot has moved with the tide, threatening to poison drinking water for several cities. The liquidators of the accident had built a few barriers to stop but the oil was only on the fifth. One of the oil collected from the water surface, the other one went on a specially constructed drain ducts.
The company “Petrobras” paid 56 million dollars in fines to the state budget and 30 million in the state budget.
2001
On 21 September 2001 in the French city of Toulouse in the AZF chemical plant explosion occurred, the consequences of which are considered to be one of the largest man-made disasters. Exploded 300 tons of ammonium nitrate (nitric acid salt), which were in the warehouse of finished products. According to the official, blame the leadership of the plant did not ensure safe storage of explosive substances.
The consequences of the disaster was a giant, killing 30 people, the total number of injured over 3,000, destroyed or damaged thousands of homes and buildings, including nearly 80 schools, 2 universities, 185 kindergartens, without a roof over the head remained more than 40,000 people, more than 130 companies actually ceased operations. The total damage is 3 billion euros.
2002
On 13 November 2002 off the coast of Spain was caught in a violent storm oil tanker Prestige, in the holds of which were more than 77 000 tons of fuel oil. In the storm in the ship’s hull formed a crack length of about 50 meters. On 19 November, the tanker broke apart and sank. In the crash of the sea fell to 63,000 tons of fuel oil.
Cleaning the sea and coast from oil was worth $ 12 billion, the full damage to the ecosystem cannot be estimated.
2004
August 26, 2004, near Cologne in Western Germany from the bridge Wiehltal a height of 100 meters dropped the truck transporting 32 000 liters of fuel. After the fall of the fuel truck exploded. The culprit of the accident was a sports car, which skidded on a slippery road which caused the skid truck.
This accident is considered one of the most expensive manmade disasters in history — temporary repair of the bridge is $ 40 million, and the full reconstruction is 318 million dollars.
2007
March 19, 2007 due to a methane explosion on mine “Ulyanovsk” in the Kemerovo region killed 110 people. After the first explosion in 5-7 seconds followed by four more, which caused extensive landslides in mines in several places. Killed the chief engineer and almost the entire leadership of the mine. This accident is the largest in the Russian coal mining industry over the past 75 years.
2009
17 Aug 2009 there was a technological disaster at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant located on the Yenisei river. It happened during the repair of one of hydroelectric power station hydrounits. The accident was destroyed by the 3rd and 4th conduits, was the destruction of the wall and flooding the engine room. 9 out of 10 of the turbines completely out of order, HPPs was stopped.
Because of the accident was a violation of the energy supply Siberian regions, including limited electricity supply in Tomsk, touched off several Siberian aluminum plants. The disaster killed 75 people, another 13 were wounded.
The damage from the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station exceeded 7,3 billion rubles, including damage caused to the environment.
2010
4 October 2010 in Western Hungary there was a major environmental disaster. The plant for the production of aluminum explosion destroyed the dam reservoir with toxic waste — the so-called red mud. About 1.1 million cubic meters of corrosive substances sank a 3-meter flood city Kolontár and Deciever 160 kilometers West of Budapest.
Red mud is a residue which is formed during the production of alumina. When hit on the skin it affects it as lye. After the disaster, 10 people were killed, 150 were injured and burns.
April 22, 2010
22 APR 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of the U.S. state of Louisiana after the explosion, which killed 11 people, and the 36-hour fire managed sank the drilling platform Deepwater Horizon.
To stop the oil leak was only on August 4, 2010. The waters of the Gulf of Mexico spilled nearly 5 million barrels of crude oil. The platform on which the accident occurred, belonged to the Swiss company, and at the time a manmade disaster the platform was operated by the company Вritish Petroleum.
2011
March 11, 2011 in northeast Japan for nuclear power plants “Fukushima-1” after the earthquake was the largest in 25 years after the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Following the tremors of a magnitude of 9.0 on the coast came a huge tsunami that damaged four of six reactors of the nuclear plant and disabled a cooling system, which led to a series of explosions of hydrogen, fusion of active zone.
Total emissions of iodine-131 and cesium-137 after the accident at NPP “Fukushima-1” was 900 000 terabecquerels that does not exceed 20% of the emissions after the Chernobyl accident in 1986, which totalled 5.2 million terabecquerels.
The total damage from the accident at NPP “Fukushima-1” experts have estimated at 74 billion dollars. The complete elimination of the accident, including the dismantling of reactors, will take about 40 years.
NPP “Fukushima-1”.
July 11, 2011
11 July 2011 at the naval base near Limassol in Cyprus explosion, which claimed 13 lives and put the island nation on the brink of economic crisis, destroying the largest power station of island.
Investigators have accused the President of the Republic Dimitris Christofias that he negligently treated the problem of the munitions, confiscated in 2009 from the ship “Monchegorsk” on suspicion of smuggling weapons to Iran. In fact ammunition was stored directly on the ground in the territory of the naval base and detonated due to high temperature.
The destroyed power station in Mari, Cyprus.
2012
February 28, 2012 at the chemical plant in the Chinese province of Hebei, an explosion occurred that killed 25 people. The explosion occurred in the workshop for the production of nitroguanidine (it is used as rocket fuel) at the chemical plant of the company “Hebei Keer” in Shijiazhuang city.
2013
18 APR 2013 in the American West, Texas at fertilizer plant, a powerful explosion occurred.
Almost 100 buildings in the area were destroyed, from 5 to 15 people were killed and about 160 people were injured, and the town itself looked like a war zone or on the set of another film about the Terminator.
2015
August 12, 2015 as a result of violations of safety in storage of explosives in the Chinese port, two explosions of great force, which resulted in a large number of victims, hundreds of homes destroyed and thousands of destroyed cars.
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