Mysterious archaeological finds.
Probably all of you watched horror movies about reanimated mummies attacking people. These evil dead has always fascinated the human imagination. In reality, however, mummies do not carry anything terrible, representing an incredible archaeological value. In this issue you will find 13 real mummies that have survived to our time, and are one of the most significant archaeological finds of modern times.
Mummy called specially processed chemical substance the body of a dead creature, which slows down the process of decomposition of the tissues. Mummies are hundreds and even thousands of years, becoming a “window” into the ancient world. On the one hand, the mummies look scary, some getting goose bumps looking at these shrunken body, but on the other hand — they are of incredible historical value, holding the interesting information about the life of the ancient world, customs, health and diet of our ancestors.
1. Screaming mummy Museum of Guanajuato
The mummies of Guanajuato in Mexico is one of the strangest and worst thing in the world, it contains 111 mummies, which represent naturally preserved mummified bodies of people, the majority of deaths in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century and buried in the local cemetery “Pantheon of Saint Paula”.
The exhibits were exhumed in the period from 1865 to 1958, when there was a law requiring relatives to pay a tax to the bodies of their relatives were at the cemetery. If sales tax is not paid on time, the family lost the right to the burial place and the dead body removed from the stone tombs. As it turned out, some of them were naturally mummified, and kept them in a special building at the cemetery. Distorted facial expressions on some of the mummies indicate that they were buried alive.
In the late XIX — early XX century, these mummies began to attract tourists, and cemetery workers began to take a fee for visiting the premises where they were stored. The official date of the formation of mummies Museum in Guanajuato is 1969, when the mummies were displayed in glass cases. Now the Museum is visited annually by thousands of tourists.
2. The mummy of a boy from Greenland (a place Kilakila)
Near the Greenlandic settlement Colacicco, located on the Western shore of the largest island in the world in 1972 was discovered a whole family mummified by low temperatures. Nine well-preserved bodies of ancestors of the Eskimos who died in Greenland at a time when Europe ruled the middle ages, aroused the interest of scientists, but one of them has become famous all over the world and outside the scientific framework.
Owned by employee’s child (as established by anthropologists, who suffered from down’s syndrome), it is more like some kind of doll, makes an indelible impression on the visitors of the National Museum of Greenland in Nuuk.
3. Two Year Old Rosalia Lombardo
Catacombs of the Capuchins in Palermo Italian is a horrible place, a necropolis, attracts tourists from all over the world many of the mummified bodies of various degrees of preservation. But the symbol of this place — it’s the face of Rosalia Lombardo, two-year girl died from pneumonia in 1920. Her father, being unable to cope with grief, turned to the famous doctor Alfredo Salafia with a request to keep her daughter’s body.
Now it makes him hair all without exception visitors to the dungeons of Palermo — a fabulous preserved, peaceful and so alive that it seems as if Rozaliya only briefly dozed off, it makes an indelible impression.
4. Juanita from the Peruvian Andes
Whether still a girl, whether the girl (called the age of death from 11 to 15 years), named Juanita, became famous around the world, hitting a ranking of the best scientific discoveries by Time magazine because of its safety and terrible story after finding a mummy in an ancient Inca settlement in the Peruvian Andes in 1995, the scientists told. Sacrificed to the gods in the XV century, it has survived in almost perfect condition thanks to the ice the peaks of the Andes.
As part of the exposition of Museum of Andean Sanctuaries in Arequipa, the mummy often goes on tour, exhibited, for example, in the headquarters of the National geographic society in Washington or in many areas of the Country of the rising sun, is generally characterized by a strange love of the mummified bodies.
5. Knight Christian Friedrich von Kahlbutz, Germany
This German knight lived in the period from 1651 to 1702. After his death his body turned into a mummy in a natural way and is now on display.
According to legend, the knight Kahlbutz was a big fan to use the “right of first night”. Have a loving Christian had 11 children of her own and about three dozen of the bastards. In July 1690, he declared his “right of first night” a relatively young bride of a shepherd from the village of Bakwits, however, the girl refused him, then the knight killed her new husband. The prisoner is in custody, he vowed in front of the judges, that is not to blame, otherwise “after the death of his body will crumble to dust.”
Since Kahlbutz was an aristocrat, his word of honor was enough to ensure that he was acquitted and released. Knight died in 1702 at age 52, and was buried in the family vault background Calbucci. In 1783 the last member of this dynasty died, and in 1794-m in a local Church started a restoration, during which the tomb opened to rebury all the dead of the family background Kahlbutz on a conventional cemetery. It turned out that all of them except Christian Frederick, decayed. The latter was turned into a mummy, proved by the fact that loving knight was a perjurer.
6. The mummy of Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses the Great
Shown in the photo the mummy belongs to Pharaoh Ramses II (Ramses the Great), who died in 1213 BC and is one of the most famous of the Egyptian pharaohs. I suppose he was ruler of Egypt during the campaign of Moses. One of the distinguishing features of the mummies is the presence of red hair, symbolizing the connection with the God Set, patron of Royal power.
In 1974, Egyptologists have discovered that the mummy of Pharaoh Ramses II quickly deteriorates. It was decided immediately to take her plane to France for examination and restoration, which the mummy was issued an Egyptian passport modern, and in the “occupation” wrote “king (deceased)”. In the Paris airport the mummy was greeted with full military honours, relying upon the visit of the head of state.
7. The mummy of a girl of 18-19 years from the Danish city Skrydstrup
Mummy girls aged 18-19 years old, buried in Denmark in 1300 BC, the Deceased was a tall, slim girl with long blonde hair done in an elaborate hairstyle, something reminiscent of Babette 1960-ies. In her expensive clothes and jewelry can be assumed that she belonged to the family of the local elite.
The girl was buried in a coffin of oak, lined with grasses, so her body and clothes are surprisingly well preserved. The safety would be even better if for several years before it was discovered that the mummy was not damaged layer of soil over the grave.
8. Ice man ötzi
Similowski man, whose age at the time of opening was about 5,300 years, making him the oldest European mummy, has received from scientists nicknamed ötzi. Discovered on 19 September 1991 a couple of German tourists while Hiking in the Tyrolean Alps stumbled on the perfectly preserved thanks to the natural ice of mummification the remains of a resident of the Chalcolithic era, he created a furor in the scientific world — yet nowhere in Europe are not found perfectly survived to the present day the bodies of our ancestors.
Now this tattooed mummy can be seen in the archaeological Museum Bolzano the Italian. Like many other mummies, ötzi is supposedly shrouded in an aura of the curse: within a few years under different circumstances, killed several people, one way or another associated with studying the Iceman.
9. Girl from IDA
Girl from IDA (niderl. Meisje van Yde) is the name given to the well-preserved body of a teenage girl, discovered in a peat bog near the village of Yde in the Netherlands. This mummy was found on 12 may 1897. The body was wrapped in a woolen cloak.
Around the neck of the girl was covered with woven wool loop, indicating that it was executed for some crime or sacrificed. In the region of the clavicle are preserved traces of the injury. The skin was not touched by decay, which is characteristic of bog bodies.
The results of radiocarbon analysis conducted in 1992, showed that she died at the age of about 16 years between 54 BC and 128 BC Head of a corpse half-shaved shortly before his death. Surviving hair long, have a reddish hue. But it should be noted that the hair of all the corpses caught in the swamp environment, acquire a reddish color as a result of the denaturalization of coloring pigment under the influence of acids, located in the marshy ground.
Computed tomography identified that the life she had curvature of the spine. Further research allowed to conclude that the reason for this, most likely, was the defeat of vertebral bone tuberculosis.
10. People from the quagmire Rendsburg
People from Wandsworth (Rendswühren), which also belongs to the so-called bog people have been found near the German city of Kiel in 1871. At the time of death of men aged between 40 and 50 years, and the study of the body showed that he died from a blow to the head.
11. SETI I — Egyptian Pharaoh in the tomb
Perfectly preserved mummy of SETI I and the remnants of the original wooden coffin was discovered in the cache of Deir El-Bahri in 1881. SETI I ruled Egypt from 1290 in 1279 BCE Mummy of this Pharaoh were interred in a specially prepared tomb.
The network is a secondary character in a science fiction movie “the Mummy” and “Mummy returns” where he depicted the Pharaoh who fell victim to a conspiracy of his high priest Imhotep.
12. The mummy of Princess Ukok
The mummy of this woman, nicknamed the Princess of Altai, was found by archaeologists in 1993 on the Ukok plateau and is one of the most significant discoveries of the archaeology of the late twentieth century. Researchers believe that the burial was done in V-III centuries BC and belongs to the period of the Pazyryk culture of Altai.
During excavations, archaeologists discovered that the deck, in which was placed the body was buried, filled with ice. That is why the mummy of a woman well preserved. The burial was embedded in the ice layer. This was of great interest to archaeologists, since in such conditions could well persist for a very ancient thing. The camera found six horses under saddle and harness, and a wooden deck made from larch, nailed with bronze nails. The contents of the burial clearly indicated the nobility of the buried person.
The mummy lay on its side with a slightly toned legs. On her hands she showed numerous tattoos. Put on the mummy was a silk shirt, wool skirt, felt socks, coat and wig. All the clothes were made of very high quality and confirms the high status of the buried. She died at a young age (about 25 years old) and belonged to the elite of the Pazyryk society.
13. Ice maiden of the tribe of the Incas
This is the famous mummy girls aged 14-15 years, which the Incas sacrificed over 500 years ago. It was discovered in 1999 on the slopes of the volcano Nevado Sabancaya. Next to this mummy was found several children’s bodies are also subjected to mummification. The researchers suggest that these children were selected among others because of its beauty, followed by many hundreds of kilometers across the country, were specially prepared and sacrificed to the gods on top of a volcano.
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