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China has become a leader in the study of the moon

Китай стал лидером в исследовании ЛуныSoon China will confirm the ability to return cargo from the moon

In early August, “glavkosmos”, the “daughter” of the state Corporation “Roscosmos”, responsible for foreign trade, announced the signing this fall of the cooperation program with China in the field of rocket and space technology.

One of the most notable points of this program will be a joint research of the moon.

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It is possible that, ahead of Russia by the number of launches (in 2016 — launch 22 vs 17) and in the number of satellites (for 2016 — 192 China vs 135 Russia), China in conditions when the USA have chosen as a priority by the Mars, can become a leader in the study of the moon.

An unequal partnership

Cooperation with Russia and the European space Agency is especially important for China in the context of a ban on formal ties with NASA. One of the topics of interest of Beijing are of Soviet technology (which is still cutting edge and relevant), associated primarily with a rocket engine.

Given the history of relations between countries in the field of military-technical cooperation, and overall technological strategy of China, the Chinese are unlikely to be so honest and reliable buyers of Russian engines, like the United States. For them greater interest is the reproduction and adaptation of technologies, which is used not only back engineering, but ordinary espionage.

For Russia, which in the field of import of technologies is very limited sanctions, China could become a source of “new” technologies in the field of electronic components and buyer of small quantities of goods of the domestic industry to Finance the endless upgrades of the Soviet space developments.

Results, goals and means

In the field of space exploration on account of Russia in the XXI century — failed already at the initial stage of the mission “Phobos-Grunt”, the regular postponement of the creation of a new module of the ISS “Science” and the constant mess with setting strategic objectives and promises of projects, which is obviously unrealistic for the industry in its current state. All this against the backdrop of declining revenues from commercial launches and a succession of accidents rockets. The only project that stands out against the General background and is a reason for pride, is a space radio telescope “Spektr-R”, regularly collecting invaluable scientific information for more than six years.

On account of China in the XXI century — started from scratch a successful manned program, which has allowed China to develop the technology of creation of own space station in Earth orbit. No less surely China is moving in the direction of the moon at a pace that was characteristic of the USSR and the USA in the 60-ies and 70-ies of the last century.

Since 2007, China launched a satellite of the Earth three successful missions, one of which, “Chang’e-3” was taken on the moon China’s first lunar Rover. Now in high degree of readiness there are two more projects — unit “Chang’e-4”, which will return to Earth one more lunar Rover, and “Chang’e-5”, whose mission will start this autumn. This device will bring to Earth samples of lunar soil and to confirm the ability of the PRC to return cargo from the moon.

Interestingly in this case the ratio of spending between the two countries. According to experts, China in 2013, has spent a total of $ 1 billion per year (6 vs 5) more than Russia.

Lunar plans

The next big stage of the Chinese “long March” (the so-called Chinese heavy rocket “Changzheng-5”, the most powerful of the currently existing in the world) the moon will be a manned mission. About these plans was first publicly announced in 2016. This summer, the official representative of the Chinese space Agency has announced that the country has begun preparations for a manned mission to the moon.

However, there have PRC and complexity. Launch to the moon may be delayed due to the lack of a large rocket similar to the us “Saturn-5”. The payload can be generated in space in stages by using the existing rocket “Changzheng-5”. But it is not yet finalized, as evidenced by the crash when it is run in early July of this year. Now being investigated causes of the accident, its results will depend on the start of the mission “Chang’e-5”, which can be transferred.

The “virtual” 7 years gap

The Soviet Union successfully explored the moon, but today, despite this experience, all the technology and devices need to be created anew. In fact, the Russian lunar program provides for gradual development of all the key stages of the operation — removal, planting, maintaining communication, return. China is on the last stage of this “minimum program”. Russia, if not prevent, the reduction of funding, will be able to send its first spacecraft to the moon to practice landing in 2019 (China coped with this task even in 2013), and “Luna-Grunt”, the analogue of which China plans to launch in November this year, will go according to the plans only in 2024. Thus, at this point we can estimate the gap between Russia and China in the development of the moon for at least 6-7 years, but given the ratio of the rate of development of space programs of the two countries, the gap continues to widen.

See also: China prepares ambitious space launch to the moon

At the same time Russia has no modern history of any successful interplanetary mission, the automatic machine, but these 7 years of “virtual” and reflect only the plans of the Russian space Agency that we have decided to change in favor of more pressing issues. It turns out that the lunar base, which the Russians in 2014, promised the Vice-Premier Rogozin, if someone would build the Chinese. Such plans they have.

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