Unusual and anomalous celestial bodies.
The universe is so incredibly huge that it must be counterparts of many stars, planets etc. But there are also numerous heavenly bodies, which are very different from their “family”. They are so anomalous (by earthly standards) that scientists astronomers sometimes find themselves at a loss.
1. Hot Jupiter with three Suns
Astronomers have recorded many class planets “hot Jupiters” (gas giants that are very close to their stars, but KELT-4AB is special. It is a planet with three suns, because it is what is known as a hierarchical triple star system. KELT-4AB approximately 1.7 times the size of Jupiter, and its main star, KELT-A appears in the sky of this planet is 40 times larger than the Sun in earth’s sky.
KELT-A once drew him to her two small stars, and KELT-KELT B and-C that are as far away from him, they need 4,000 years to complete an orbit. Even at this distance (328 times farther than earth is from the Sun), the two stars Shine in the sky “Celt” as the full Moon on Earth.
2. Asteroid 2015 BZ509
Most of the bodies in the Solar system move clockwise around the Sun, keeping the direction of movement of the primary huge disk of gas and dust from which you were born. But a small asteroid 2015 BZ509, which passes close to the orbit of Jupiter, moving in the opposite direction. This is the only known asteroid, which makes such revolving approximately the same orbit with the planet.
3-kilometer object has long had a “fly away” from the Solar system or be destroyed by a powerful gravity of Jupiter, with which he approaches every few years. However, the peculiarities of its orbit and the gravitational effects the planet has led to the fact that 2015 BZ509 remains stable and does not change the orbit for several million years.
3. Little companion with a huge weirdo
The satellite of Pluto and Charon with a diameter of only 1,200 kilometers (i.e. less than half of Pluto). No wonder the astronomers expected to see the usual small celestial body with a number of craters. But the spacecraft “New horizons” showed the image of a dull-red satellite with an intricate system of canyons, mountains, and evidence of landslides.
However, some regions appeared to be surprisingly flat, suggesting the presence of cryovolcanism (volcanoes spewing ice) that helps to “smooth out” the landscape. Also Charon emeet a network of faults with a length of 1,600 kilometers, which sporocili the entire surface of the planetoid. Some of these faults 5 times deeper than the Grand canyon and 4 times longer.
4. The old dead galaxy
Stars predictable change in color: more young, hot stars glow a bright blue color, and the old, dying stars become red. Astronomers have already found a lot of dead galaxies, but the newly discovered galaxy ZF-COSMOS-20115 is so ancient that it is possible to observe the evolution model of galaxies.
Suddenly it ceased to form stars when the Universe was only 1.65 billion, although the galaxy in the time just seething with life, giving birth to new stars. In ZF three times more stars than in the milky Way, but galaxy is so ancient should not be so massive. Astronomers believe that she “gave birth” all of the stars during one of zvezdoobrazovaniya events, lasting only 100 million years.
5. White dwarf – pulsar
White dwarfs are the burned remnants of Sun-like stars and almost dead, with the exception of the recently found AR Scorpion – white dwarf, emitting hot radioactive rays, how much more powerful pulsar. AR Scorpion – dual system, which also has a red dwarf with a mass of one-third of the Sun, located at a distance of 1.4 million kilometers.
Both bodies rotate so fast that it completes its orbit in just 3.6 hours. Unlike red dwarf, AR Scorpion just the size of the Earth but it is 200,000 times more massive. Also the AR Scorpion is surrounded by a magnetic field 100 million times more powerful than Earth.
6. Planet similar to Earth
Planet GJ 1132b the size of Venus is 39 light years and is the most distant from the Earth planet with a confirmed atmosphere. Its mass is 1.6 bigger than Earth and is orbiting GJ 1132b near a red dwarf in 5 times less than the Sun and much dimmer. It revolves around its star with a period of 1.6 days.
Astronomers watching the planet, found on the signs of the dense atmosphere, rich in hydrogen and methane. Unfortunately, GJ 1132b is hardly possible because the temperature of the upper atmosphere is estimated at 260 °C, and near the surface of the raging vapor with a temperature of about 370 ° C.
7. Rectangular galaxy
Gravity leads to the formation of galaxies of different shapes and sizes, but astronomers have never seen a galaxy like LEDA 074886, which looks like “cut the emerald.” And in this rectangular haze hides a giant disk of stars, rotating at the speed of 33 kilometers per second. Astronomers, however, can not determine its exact shape as it is to Land squarely. LEDA is 70 million light years from Earth in the neighborhood of 250 other galaxies.
8. Jupiter’s Moon IO
Atmosphere, as a rule, not destroyed, but IO breaks all the rules. Although IO is exposed to a significant radiation belt of Jupiter, she somehow maintains its atmosphere rich in sulfur dioxide. However, IO is essentially one giant volcano, with eruptions the atmosphere gets a huge amount of sulfur dioxide that falls to the ground at a frost (which begins every time IO passes into the shadow of Jupiter).
Apparently this happens often, as IO revolves around Jupiter in just the 1.7 earth days, of which 2 hours on the moon there is darkness and the temperature drops to – 168 degrees Celsius. And when IO emerges into the sunlight, then she warmed up to -148 degrees Celsius, and the ice of the sulphur dioxide turns into gas.
9. Stars are born out of destruction
Black holes destroy everything around, but they can and create something new. Recently, scientists for the first time noticed the stars that are born from a large outflow of matter from a supermassive black hole at 600 million light years from Earth. Usually, scientists believed that stars are formed of a relatively “peaceful” gas clouds (a kind of star nurseries), but now researchers have confirmed that the stars can also be created using the more aggressive environment of black holes. The black hole in question is within the region of two merging galaxies, known collectively as IRAS F23128-5919.
10. Ancient galaxy
The universe during the first few hundred million years looked like an opaque cloud of hydrogen that was impermeable to certain wavelengths of light. Then came the first stars and galaxies, and the ionized gas is “thinned” to transparency. Recently astronomers observed one of the ancient galaxies, which, in their opinion, may be the most ancient.
The galaxy MACS1423-z7p64 of 13.1 billion years, and it appeared just 700 million years after the Big Bang. Found it by accident, due to the fact that a cluster of 155 galaxies had the effect of huge gravitational lens, which increases the light from MACS1423-z7p64.
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